Everest station (QOMS): PM2.5 fine particles

Tibet, Tingri County, north side of Everest, China

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Qomolangma Atmospheric and Environmental Observation and Research Station (QOMS, CAS), Tingri County, at 28.21° N and 86.56° E, north side of Everest; 10-day PM2.5 filters from November 2020 to December 2021. PM2.5 Sb from 0.12 to 2.59 ng/m3, highest before the monsoon. Three end-member mixing (ε123Sb and Rb/Sr): South Asian coal combustion, biomass burning and desert dust; monsoon rain shifts the signal (r = -0.69 with rainfall) and the high winter boundary layer brings heavy dust (Yang et al., 2026, supplement). Values corrected for filter blanks; three duplicates (ZF-10, ZF-28, ZF-41) within 0.02 to 0.07 ε of the first run; no sample ZF-26.

δ123Sb in ‰ (per mil) Values of the same system

Standard : NIST SRM 3102a

Value	Range	n	Mineral or matrix	Source
−0.01 ± 0.077 ‰	−0.139 / 0.098 ‰	9	PM2.5 Sb, pre-monsoon (March to May 2021) Mean and standard deviation recalculated from 9 analyses, -0.139 to +0.098 (ZF-13 +0.016; ZF-14 +0.098; ZF-15 +0.001; ZF-16 +0.024; ZF-17 +0.050; ZF-18 +0.011; ZF-19 -0.139; ZF-20 -0.123; ZF-21 -0.029); published as ε123Sb (Table S6) and divided by 10; published seasonal mean of -0.10 ε (Table S1), seasonal split inferred from that table's counts; combustion dominant, highest Sb (1.58 ± 0.74 ng/m3).	Yang et al. (2026), Antimony stable isotopes decipher PM2.5-bound antimony source origins…
0.06 ± 0.072 ‰	−0.072 / 0.161 ‰	10	PM2.5 Sb, monsoon (June to August 2021) Mean and standard deviation recalculated from 10 analyses, -0.072 to +0.161 (ZF-22 +0.033; ZF-23 +0.125; ZF-24 +0.161; ZF-25 -0.072; ZF-27 -0.015; ZF-28 +0.056; ZF-29 +0.105; ZF-30 +0.125; ZF-31 +0.011; ZF-32 +0.067); published as ε123Sb (Table S6) and divided by 10; published seasonal mean of +0.60 ε (Table S1), seasonal split inferred from that table's counts; lowest Sb (0.30 ± 0.22 ng/m3), more dust from the Thar Desert.	Yang et al. (2026), Antimony stable isotopes decipher PM2.5-bound antimony source origins…
−0.001 ± 0.104 ‰	−0.192 / 0.142 ‰	10	PM2.5 Sb, post-monsoon (September to November) Mean and standard deviation recalculated from 10 analyses, -0.192 to +0.142 (ZF-1 +0.119; ZF-2 +0.001; ZF-3 -0.078; ZF-33 +0.065; ZF-34 +0.142; ZF-35 +0.018; ZF-36 -0.192; ZF-37 -0.059; ZF-38 +0.067; ZF-39 -0.091); published as ε123Sb (Table S6) and divided by 10; published seasonal mean of -0.008 ε (Table S1), seasonal split inferred from that table's counts; November 2020 and September to November 2021; biomass burning in northern India.	Yang et al. (2026), Antimony stable isotopes decipher PM2.5-bound antimony source origins…
0.035 ± 0.096 ‰	−0.102 / 0.15 ‰	11	PM2.5 Sb, winter (December to February) Mean and standard deviation recalculated from 11 analyses, -0.102 to +0.150 (ZF-4 +0.003; ZF-5 -0.102; ZF-6 -0.092; ZF-7 -0.072; ZF-8 +0.055; ZF-9 -0.016; ZF-10 +0.150; ZF-11 +0.149; ZF-12 +0.128; ZF-40 +0.102; ZF-41 +0.079); published as ε123Sb (Table S6) and divided by 10; published seasonal mean of +0.35 ε (Table S1), seasonal split inferred from that table's counts; December 2020 to February 2021 and December 2021; coal combustion and heating, heavier signal with a high boundary layer.	Yang et al. (2026), Antimony stable isotopes decipher PM2.5-bound antimony source origins…

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Cite this page

IsoFind Atlas (2026). Everest station (QOMS): PM2.5 fine particles, isotope signatures. https://www.isofind.tech/isotopes/en/sites/station-de-l-everest-qoms-particules-fines-pm2-5/ (accessed 2026-10-16).

@misc{isofind2026evereststationqomspm25finepar,
  title = {Everest station (QOMS): PM2.5 fine particles, isotope signatures},
  author = {{IsoFind Atlas}},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://www.isofind.tech/isotopes/en/sites/station-de-l-everest-qoms-particules-fines-pm2-5/},
  note = {Accessed 2026-10-16}
}

Updated : 2026-10-16