Yawan
Gansu, Xihe County (West Qinling Orogenic Belt), China
Other hydrothermalSb
- Type
- Hydrothermal antimony hosted by Triassic limestone and slate
Largest known stand-alone antimony deposit of the West Qinling antimony belt (Yawan-Daqiao area), estimated reserve of about 300,000 t at 2.8 % Sb; some forty ore bodies (main ones no. 6, 1, 7 and 38), vein-like and lenticular, in limestone and carbonaceous slate of the Triassic Sandushui Formation, controlled by the NE-trending F2 strike-slip fault and its splays. Three periods: sedimentary diagenesis with euhedral and framboidal pyrite, early hydrothermal stage (milky quartz, acicular stibnite, pyrite, marcasite, giant calcite) then the late, main stage (fine stibnite, pyrite, calcite and fluorite), finally supergene oxidation. Two-phase aqueous inclusions: 264-341 °C and 2.1 to 8.7 wt% NaCl eq. in early quartz, 135-250 °C and below 5 % in calcite and fluorite. Partly magmatic fluid in the early stage, increasing meteoric water afterwards; sulphur and lead mostly crustal, with a minor mantle input. Composite sedimentary-hydrothermal system, possibly linked to deep granites according to the authors. Coordinates not given (Mindat places a Yawan deposit in Wudu District, within 65 km).
δ18O in ‰ (per mil) Values of the same system
Standard : V-SMOW
| Value | Range | n | Mineral or matrix | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11.9 ± 0.14 ‰ | 11.8 / 12 ‰ | 2 | early-stage quartz of stibnite ores Mean and standard deviation recalculated from 2 analyses, YW-01 (1490 m level) and YW-24 (1825 m); fluid calculated at 298 and 306 °C at +5.0 and +5.1 ‰, magmatic contribution according to the authors. | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… |
| 13.2 ± 1.13 ‰ | 12.4 / 14 ‰ | 2 | early-stage giant calcite Mean and standard deviation recalculated from 2 analyses, YW-06 and YW-09; fluid calculated at 196 and 200 °C at +4.3 and +2.9 ‰; inclusions possibly re-equilibrated during the late stage. | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… |
| 14.9 ‰ | 1 | late-stage vein calcite (YW-04) Single analysis; fluid calculated at 175 °C at +3.9 ‰. | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… | |
| −6.5 ‰ | 1 | fluid inclusion water in late-stage fluorite (YW-02) Single analysis; direct measurement of inclusion water, not of the mineral; growing meteoric water input according to the authors. | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… |
δD in ‰ (per mil) Values of the same system
Standard : V-SMOW
| Value | Range | n | Mineral or matrix | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| −92.5 ± 1.98 ‰ | −93.9 / −91.1 ‰ | 2 | fluid inclusion water in early-stage quartz Mean and standard deviation recalculated from 2 analyses. | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… |
| −71.7 ± 1.13 ‰ | −72.5 / −70.9 ‰ | 2 | fluid inclusion water in early-stage giant calcite Mean and standard deviation recalculated from 2 analyses. | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… |
| −68.7 ‰ | 1 | fluid inclusion water in late calcite (YW-04) Single analysis. | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… | |
| −72.9 ‰ | 1 | fluid inclusion water in late-stage fluorite (YW-02) Single analysis. | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… |
δ34S in ‰ (per mil) Values of the same system
Standard : V-CDT
| Value | Range | n | Mineral or matrix | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 ± 0.44 ‰ | 14.7 / 15.5 ‰ | 3 | euhedral pyrite of slate breccia (pre-ore stage) Mean and standard deviation recalculated from 3 analyses, YW07(1) to YW07(3); sulphur close to seawater, diagenetic pyrite according to the authors. Song et al. (2023) give +11.6 and +18.8 ‰. | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… |
| −12.8 ‰ | 1 | framboidal pyrite of limestone breccia (pre-ore stage, YW-07) Single analysis; diagenetic sedimentary pyrite. | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… | |
| −3.48 ± 2.7 ‰ | −7.5 / −1.8 ‰ | 4 | early-stage acicular stibnite Mean and standard deviation recalculated from 4 analyses, YW18(1), YW18(2), YW-12 and YW-24; magmatic affinity according to the authors. Song et al. (2023): stibnite -2.4 and -3.1 ‰, pyrite +2.5 and +5.8 ‰. | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… |
| −9.3 ± 0.28 ‰ | −9.5 / −9.1 ‰ | 2 | late-stage fine stibnite of calcite veins Mean and standard deviation recalculated from 2 analyses, YW-05 and YW-19; decrease ascribed to meteoric water or sedimentary sulphur input. Song et al. (2023): -8.9 to -8.3 ‰ (n = 4). | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… |
206Pb/204Pb isotope ratio, no unit Values of the same system
Standard : NIST SRM 981
| Value | Range | n | Mineral or matrix | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.67 ± 0.25 | 18.43 / 19.18 | 7 | early- and late-stage ore stibnite Mean and standard deviation recalculated from 7 analyses, YW-18, YW-18(1), YW-18(2), YW-12 and YW-24 (early), YW-05 and YW-19 (late); upper-crustal lead with a minor mantle input, similar to that of the strata according to the authors. | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… |
| 18.4 | 1 | framboidal pyrite of limestone breccia (pre-ore stage, YW-07) Single analysis; close to the lead of limestone and slate pyrites (Song et al., 2023). | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… |
207Pb/204Pb isotope ratio, no unit Values of the same system
Standard : NIST SRM 981
| Value | Range | n | Mineral or matrix | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15.68 ± 0.05 | 15.63 / 15.76 | 7 | early- and late-stage ore stibnite Mean and standard deviation recalculated from 7 analyses, YW-18, YW-18(1), YW-18(2), YW-12 and YW-24 (early), YW-05 and YW-19 (late); upper-crustal lead with a minor mantle input, similar to that of the strata according to the authors. | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… |
| 15.64 | 1 | framboidal pyrite of limestone breccia (pre-ore stage, YW-07) Single analysis; close to the lead of limestone and slate pyrites (Song et al., 2023). | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… |
208Pb/204Pb isotope ratio, no unit Values of the same system
Standard : NIST SRM 981
| Value | Range | n | Mineral or matrix | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 38.68 ± 0.13 | 38.56 / 38.93 | 7 | early- and late-stage ore stibnite Mean and standard deviation recalculated from 7 analyses, YW-18, YW-18(1), YW-18(2), YW-12 and YW-24 (early), YW-05 and YW-19 (late); upper-crustal lead with a minor mantle input, similar to that of the strata according to the authors. | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… |
| 38.66 | 1 | framboidal pyrite of limestone breccia (pre-ore stage, YW-07) Single analysis; close to the lead of limestone and slate pyrites (Song et al., 2023). | Zhou et al. (2026), Ore Genesis of Yawan Antimony Deposit in Western Qinling, China: Cons… |
Deposits of the same type
Cite this page
IsoFind Atlas (2026). Yawan, isotope signatures. https://www.isofind.tech/isotopes/en/deposits/yawan/ (accessed 2026-10-14).
@misc{isofind2026yawanisotopesignatures,
title = {Yawan, isotope signatures},
author = {{IsoFind Atlas}},
year = {2026},
url = {https://www.isofind.tech/isotopes/en/deposits/yawan/},
note = {Accessed 2026-10-14}
}Updated : 2026-10-14